Water is the basis of life and plays a fundamental role in our bodies. Approximately 60% of the human body is composed of water, which plays a role in many essential functions: it regulates body temperature, transports nutrients, aids digestion and eliminates waste products. Every day we lose some of it through breathing, perspiration and urine, which is why drinking regularly is essential for maintaining the body's balance.
When it comes to drinking water, however, doubts often arise: is tap water or bottled water better? Still or sparkling? Rich in minerals or lighter?
In Italy, tap water is a safe resource. It undergoes frequent and rigorous checks to ensure its potability and quality. The analyses verify the absence of dangerous bacteria and compliance with legal limits for chemicals and heavy metals. The taste may vary from one area to another, mainly due to differences in mineral salt content or the presence of chlorine, which is used as a disinfectant. Chlorine, at the permitted doses, does not pose a health risk and, if the taste is unpleasant, simply leave the water in an open jug for a few hours to evaporate.
Bottled water can also be a valid alternative, but to choose it wisely, it is important to learn how to read the label. A fundamental parameter is the fixed residue, which indicates the quantity of mineral salts dissolved in the water.
Mineral waters (fixed residue less than 500 mg/L) with a moderate salt content are generally the most suitable for daily consumption. Very light waters (fixed residue less than 50 mg/L) may be recommended in specific situations, such as for newborns or those suffering from kidney problems, while waters rich in mineral salts (fixed residue greater than 500 mg/L) are particularly useful in cases of intense physical activity or specific deficiencies.
Another factor to consider is sodium: for most people, water with a low sodium content is preferable, especially if they suffer from high blood pressure. Calcium and magnesium, on the other hand, contribute to bone and muscle health and can provide a small but useful boost to daily requirements.
The choice between still and sparkling water depends mainly on personal preference. Sparkling water contains carbon dioxide, which can make it more pleasant to the taste but, in some people, can cause bloating or stomach discomfort. For everyday hydration, still water is generally the most balanced choice.
The container is also important. Glass bottles preserve the taste of water better, while plastic bottles are safe if used correctly, avoiding exposure to heat and prolonged reuse. Filter jugs can improve the taste of tap water, but they require proper maintenance and regular filter replacement.
As far as quantities are concerned, there is no rule that applies to everyone. Under normal conditions, drinking approximately 1.5–2.5 litres of water per day is a good guideline for most adults, increasing intake in hot weather, during physical activity or when running a fever.
In conclusion, there is no such thing as the absolute ‘best’ water. The choice depends on individual needs, lifestyle and health conditions. The most important thing is to drink enough every day, listen to your body and make informed and conscious choices.
(Article by Dr. Maddalena Della Bianca)
